Languages of the Shepherds



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Note that the spelling of language names in this map may not be the same as in the body of the text.

Emae

Island name: Shepherds
Proto-language: Polynesian outlier
Other names: Amunaomae, Emwae, Mae
Reading:
Capell, A.
1962. The Polynesian language of Mae (Emwae), New Hebrides. Auckland: Te Reo Monographs * A fairly brief grammatical outline of the language, with some lexical comparison with other Polynesian languages and three short texts. 55pp.

Namakura

Island name: Shepherds
Proto-language: PCV
Ross Clark (1985) local group / Tryon (1976) sub-group: Efate-Shepherds
Other names: Buninga, Finongi, Makura, Mataso, Na-makir, Tongariki
Reading:
Codrington, R.H.
1885. The Melanesian languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press; p.471.
Patteson, John C.
1866. Vocabulary of Melanesian languages: Sesake, New Hebrides. Kohimarama (N.Z.): Melanesian Mission Press * Described by Ray (1926:195) as "a long vocabulary".
Ray, Sidney H.
1897. Vocabulary and grammatical notes on the language of Makura, central New Hebrides. Journal of the Anthropological Institute 26:67-73 * A very brief grammar sketch and vocabulary.
Ray, Sidney H.
1926. A comparative study of the Melanesian island languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp.222-228.
Sperlich, Wolfgang B.
1989. Is the Na-makir (Central Vanuatu) glottal stop a reliable witness for POC q?. In Ray Harlow & Robin Hooper (eds.), VICAL 1 - Oceanic Languages: Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand; pp.527-553 * Examines the Namakura glottal stop as a reflex of POC q and concludes that it is a reliable witness.
Sperlich, Wolfgang B.
1991. Namakir: a description of a central Vanuatu language. PhD dissertation, University of Auckland.
Sperlich, Wolfgang B.
1993. Serial verb constructions in Namakir of Central Vanuatu. OL 32,1:95-110 * Distinguishes between two types of verb-serialisation in Namakira, and shows (like other studies in this area) that there are often difficulties in discriminating between serial and adverbial constructions.
Tregear, E.
1896. The language of Makura, New Hebrides. JPS 5,3:187-189.

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